Handheld Radiation Detection and Identification The identiFINDER is the world's leading spectrometer, dose rate meter and nuclide finder for portable radiation detection and identification applications. The identiFINDER family of handheld, digital gamma spectrometer and dose rate measurement instruments allows the user to locate a radioactive or nuclear source and, once found, identify the isotope(s) in an easy to use, four key system. The identiFINDER combines high sensitivity with a wide dose rate range, performing gamma spectrometry and nuclide identification with performance that meets or exceeds ANSI N42.34 for radiation detection. Multiple Configurations The identiFINDER family of radiation detectors provides a range of models to meet your specific application needs. Each identiFINDER model includes complete digital gamma spectroscopy and dose rate systems with a high voltage power supply, amplifier and on-board memory. The user can select from a wide variety of spectroscopy detector types and features to match specific radiation detection applications. Customizations include a digital handheld multi-channel analyzer (MCA), a dose rate meter, a radiation source finder and an automatic nuclide identification tool. www.icxt.com
Monday, December 26, 2011
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
LFTR in 5 Minutes - THORIUM REMIX 2011
DVD: ThoriumRemix.com ...the perfect gift for anyone unwilling to watch a THORIUM video on YouTube. Please consider ordering multiple and passing them around. (Check out prices. See how quantity impacts shipping.) ThoriumRemix.com - Thorium is readily available & can be turned into energy without generating transuranic wastes. Thorium's capacity as nuclear fuel was discovered during WW II, but ignored because it was unsuitable for making bombs. A liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) is the optimal approach for harvesting energy from Thorium, and has the potential to solve today's energy/climate crisis. LFTR is a type of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (Th-MSR). This video summarizes over 6 hours worth of thorium talks given by Kirk Sorensen and other thorium technologists. THORIUM REMIX 2011 starts with a 5 minute TL;WL summary, to hold you over until you find your Ritalin. To learn more about the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor visit: energyfromthorium.com See THORIUMREMIX.com for full list of multimedia source material. Key YouTube video components: Kirk Sorensen @ TEDxYYC www.youtube.com Kirk Sorensen @ Protospace - www.youtube.com Kirk Sorensen @ MRU - www.youtube.com Kirk Sorensen @ TEAC3 - www.youtube.com Kirk Sorensen @ Dr. Kiki Science Hour #84 - www.youtube.com After Fukushima: The Fear Factor - www.youtube.com Robert Hargraves @ TEAC3 - www.youtube.com Alexander Cannara @ TEAC3 - www.youtube.com James Kennedy @ TEAC3 - www.youtube.com
Saturday, December 10, 2011
The Skills for People to Prevent the Harms Caused by the Radiation of Ceramic Tile
With the development of the types of ceramic tile, ceramic tile has already become an important article for people to decorate the house. However, some tiles with poor quality can cause serious radiation to threaten the physical health of people. It is important for people to distinguish the good quality and poor quality of ceramic tile and prevent the harms caused by the radiation effectively.
The radiation of ceramic tile includes internal radiation and external radiation. The internal radiation refers to the radiation caused by radon to the human body. Radon is a kind of radioactive substance without color and taste. It can be dissolved in water and fat. The radon released by the tile comes from a kind of chemical substance called "radium". The disintegration of radium can produce radon. Radon can be absorbed by the respiratory tract to cause radiation inside the human body, which can destroy the respiratory tract and threaten the physical health. In addition, radon can be accumulated in the fat inside the human body. Therefore, the long-term absorption of radon can also affect the nervous system to make people become depressive.
What's more, the external radiation of ceramic radiation mainly comes from the γ ray and β ray produced by the disintegration of radium and thorium. Radium and thorium are both the chemical elements contained in the raw materials of the tile. The former can penetrate into the human body to destroy the lymphocytes and decrease the human immunity. The latter has a relatively short gunshot and its radiation can be easily prevented.
People should repair the broken tiles in time, as the ceramic powders can be easily absorbed by the human body to cause serious harms. What's more, parents should not pave the floor in children's room with the tiles, which can decrease the harms of radiation and maintain the physical health for their children. When people are cleaning the ceramic tiles, they should not use highly acidic cleaner. The highly acidic cleaner can accelerate the aging of ceramic tiles and increase the risk of absorbing ceramic powders for the human body.
People should often open the windows to maintain the ventilation so as to reduce the harms of radon. Without any professional measuring devices, it is difficult for people to precisely distinguish the quality of ceramic tile. Therefore, people should not pave the floor of the whole house with ceramic tiles. In addition, compared to the polished tile, the honed tile is a better choice.
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Wednesday, December 7, 2011
Drinking Water Treatment - Avoiding the Risks
Around 1.8 million people die each year due to water-borne diseases spurring authorities and companies to work together and develop safer and more effective means of distribution. Drinking water treatment can be done in various ways but it is equally important to maintain ecological cleanliness for long term benefits. Here are the different approaches of treatment.
Introduction to Water Treatment
The process used to make water acceptable and safe for consumption is referred to as drinking water treatment. The uses may vary aside from drinking such as medical purposes, industrial processes and the like. The main goal of treatment is to eliminate or remove all present contaminants in the water and continually improve it for future use. Treated water can also be safely discharged into the natural environment without any negative ecological effects through processes like coagulation, settling or slow sand filtration.
The need for clean water continues to rise especially among developing countries. High standards are vital for drinking purposes while factories have lower purification requirements. Household connection and community water point sources may not be very safe for human consumption. Surface waters and open-wells almost always need drinking water treatment.
The Standards
Drinking water treatment requires the right technologies and applications that include both household-scale point-of-use or POU and community-scale designs. There are several approaches to destroy microbial pathogenic agents such as filtration, boiling, chemical disinfection and UV or ultraviolet radiation exposure. Field-based studies have been conducted to determine how POU approaches reduce the possibility of waterborne diseases. POU capabilities regarding disease control depends on the potential to eliminate pathogens as well as social factors like proper usage and cultural application.
The priority of POU proponents is to provide clean and safe drinking water treatment to low-income households on a regular and sustainable basis. Drinking water parameters are generally categorized into chemical or physical and microbiological. Chemical or physical include trace organics, heavy metals, turbidity and TSS or total suspended solids. Microbiological include E. Coli, protozoans, bacteria and viruses. These can affect water properties such as taste, odor and appearance.
What's in Your Water?
Water coming from surface waters such as rivers or lakes is exposed to different external conditions and elements such as acid rain, pesticide runoff, storm water runoff, industrial waste and mud. A number of natural processes can improve and cleanse the water at an extent such as aeration, presence of beneficial microorganisms and minerals and exposure to sunlight. Groundwater such as those in private wells and a number of public water supplies may take longer to contaminate. The natural cleansing processes also take longer. Drinking water contamination can include disease-causing pathogens, agricultural chemicals and hazardous household products.
Contaminants are supposed to be regulated when present in drinking water supplies and pose a risk to public health. The EPA established safety levels and margins that may be adequate for the majority but become dangerous to selected individuals and groups. Scientists use "acceptable daily intake" to assess the risk of non-cancer-causing toxic materials.
Drinking Water Contaminants
Drinking water contamination can stem from four sources namely microbial pathogens, organics, inorganics and radioactive elements. Pathogens are the most common stemming from sewage and animal waste that lead to health problems like hepatitis, salmonella infection and dysentery. Organics include pesticides and volatile organic chemicals which can lead to cancer, birth defects and system damage and disorders. Inorganics include toxic metals and nitrate that can cause poisoning and cancer. Radioactive elements include radon stemming from decayed uranium rock and soil. It can lead to lung cancer.
Friday, December 2, 2011
Lung Cancer and the Symptoms
With 164,000 new cases in the United States and 20,600 new cases diagnosed in Canada every year, lung cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the North America. Although ranked below the prostate and breast cancer on the prevalence, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and Canada. In the United States, a five-year survival rate for lung cancer is relatively low at 14 percent, and the number rose only to 50 percent if the cancer is detected early.
The biggest risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking, behavior that gives 85 to 90 percent of all cases. Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke also causes lung cancer. The main risk factors include exposure to workplace chemicals carcinogenic, especially asbestos and organic chemicals such as vinyl chloride. Exposure to radon gas and other air pollutants also increases the risk of lung cancer, especially among smokers.
Oxygen reaches the blood through a series of tubes and passages in the lungs. It is divided into so-called respiratory tract, which is divided into branches called bronchioles smaller. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs known as alveoli. Most lung cancer begins in the lining of the respiratory tract, but cancer can also start in the trachea, bronchioles, or alveoli. Approximately 20 percent of lung cancer patients had small cell carcinoma, a type of lung cancer that usually starts at around the respiratory tract. Squalors cell carcinoma also often comes near the bronchi. It contributes about 30 percent of all lung cancers.
Lung cancer frequently goes to be considered in the early stages. Patients can develop persistent cough or a finding that the worsening of chronic coughing. Other symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, coughing up blood from the respiratory tract fluids, and frequent bouts of bronchitis or pneumonia. Sometimes early symptoms of lung cancer are bone pain, headache, dizziness, or signs of other diseases that have metastasized.
People with early warning signs should consult their family doctor, who will evaluate the symptoms and can refer patients to doctors who specialize in cancer. A doctor will first take the patient's medical history to learn about current symptoms, past history of disease, and family members diagnosed with cancer. The procedures used in the physical examination depend on patient's clinical symptoms and may include a digital rectal examination, where doctors use a gloved finger to gently check the smoothness of rectal lining. Doctors can perform breast examinations on female patients, where the soft breast was investigated to feel a lump or mass that is not unusual.
During the exam your doctor may use a thin tube called an endoscope to look radiant tumor in the internal body cavity. Endoscopic procedures are used depending on the organ or body cavity inspection. In gastric endoscopy, the doctor feeds a specialized endoscope into the throat to examine the layers of the esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine. Colonoscopy uses a longer flexible instrument to view the entire length of the colon.
A number of laboratory tests may help narrow the diagnosis. In a Pap smear, cervical epithelial cells removed from plastic with a small brush. These cells are examined under a microscope for cell changes that are signs that the cancer can develop as well as signs of malignancy. If clinical signs suggest colorectal cancer patients, doctors may find blood in the stools with fecal occult blood tests. A small sample of stool is smeared on the patient card coated with a chemical called guaiacum, which reacts with blood. Cards were analyzed in the laboratory for occult (hidden) blood. Other tests for signs of tumors, the chemicals present in higher levels of certain cancers when present. For example, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood.
These include computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. CT and MRI scans use a computer to form three-dimensional images of tumor and surrounding tissue. X-ray called a mammogram breast images help physicians detect and evaluate breast cancer. Ultrasound scan of high-frequency sound waves bounce of the tumor and surrounding tissue to create an image of the tumor. Multimodality display technique combining images from multiple imaging devices into a single image, giving the final three-dimensional images with much greater detail. Computer aided diagnosis using sophisticated computer technology programming called artificial intelligence to scan X-ray mammograms and to help search for signs of cancer and offers an automatic second opinion.
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